Common venomous desert “pests” and snakes in the Southwest. How to recognize them, where to find them, and what to do if bitten or stung.
Snakes
Western Diamondback Rattlesnake
• Most common venomous snake in the Southwest.
• Identified by a triangular head, diamond-shaped back patterns, and black/white bands near the rattle.
• Found sunning in spring/summer.
• If you hear the rattle, back away slowly.
• Bite treatment: Stay calm, avoid movement, seek immediate medical attention—do not apply a tourniquet or suck the venom. Antivenom is the treatment.
Lizards
Gila Monster
• Largest venomous lizard in the U.S. (up to 22 inches).
• Slow-moving, colorful scales (pink, yellow, black).
• Not aggressive but will bite if provoked—bite is painful and lizard clamps down.
• Bite treatment: Keep wound below heart, rinse with water, seek medical help. Symptoms: swelling, nausea, sweating, dizziness.
Arthropods: Bees, Spiders, and Scorpions
Bees
• Over 600 species in the Sonoran Desert.
• Generally not aggressive unless threatened.
• Single sting: Mild reaction. Remove stinger by scraping.
• Multiple stings or allergic reactions (anaphylaxis): Call 911 immediately. Carry an EpiPen if allergic.
• Africanized bees may swarm—run to shelter if attacked.
Spiders
• Black Widow: Black with red hourglass; venomous females. Bites cause pain, spasms, and severe symptoms—seek medical care.
• Brown Recluse: Tan with violin–shaped mark; symptoms may be delayed, leading to tissue damage—medical attention required.
Scorpions
• Most common at night during summer.
• Bark Scorpion is the most dangerous; others cause mild symptoms.
• Sting treatment: Clean with soap and water. Seek care if symptoms worsen. Antivenom may be used for severe cases.
General Safety Tips
• Wear gloves outdoors and when gardening.
• Be cautious around rocks, wood piles, and dark spaces.
• If bitten or stung, stay calm and call Poison Control at 800-222-1222 or seek medical attention.
• Most desert pests are not aggressive—they only attack when provoked.
• Share knowledge to promote safety and appreciation for the desert environment.